Emphysema is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by the destruction of the alveoli (the small air sacs in the lungs) which leads to reduced airflow and difficulty in breathing. This condition often results from long-term exposure to irritants, such as cigarette smoke or environmental pollutants, and is a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Symptoms may include shortness of breath, a chronic cough, and wheezing.
