Convection is a process of heat transfer that occurs in fluids (liquids and gases) through the movement of the fluid itself. It involves the circulation of the fluid, whereby warmer, less dense portions of the fluid rise while cooler, denser portions sink, creating a current that transfers heat. This phenomenon is commonly observed in various natural and artificial systems, such as in the atmosphere, oceans, and heating systems. Convection can be classified into natural convection, driven by buoyancy forces due to temperature differences, and forced convection, where an external force (like a fan or pump) moves the fluid.
